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Investigadores
Song XiaDepartamento de Integración Latinoamericana

 

Personal:
Born: 11 August, 1971 
Place of birth: Shandong, China
Sex: female
 
Position:
    From August 2003---Associate Professor at society and culture section, Institute of Latin American Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.
    From July 2001 to August 2003---Assistant Professor at society and culture section, Institute of Latin American Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.
 
Education:
    Qufu Normal University, Bachelor of Arts in History 9/1989-7/1993.
    Wuhan University, Master of Arts in History. Specialization: History of the United States 9/1993-7/1996.
    Dissertation Title: The Domestic Policies of President George Bush, published in World History, 1998, No.2.
    Peking University, Ph.D. in History. Specialization: History of the United States 9/1998-7/2001.
    Dissertation Title: The High Technology Revolution and Social Processization: Case Study of the United States.
 
Research Activities:
    Her research activities focus on the history, especially the history of science and technology in Latin America. Her main interests lie in the evolution of National Innovation Systems in Latin American countries, and in particular the specific model of R&D activities in both industrial firms and public and private research institutions in Latin America. She is doing research about human capital development, vocational and technical education and training across Latin American countries. She has written several papers and book chapters on national innovation system, education reforms, government-university-industry triangle relationships in research and development, science and technology parks, R&D patterns in Latin America.
On-going Project:
The Vulnerability of National Innovation System in Latin America
 
Contact Information:
Add.: P.O. Box 1104  Beijing 100007, China
Institute of Latin American Studies
Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
TEL: (8610) 84858085(H)
FAX: (8610) 64014011
EMAIL: sx7800@126.com
 
Academic Publications:
 
(1) Papers in professional Journals with abstracts of some selected ones (since 2001):  
 
    1, A Study on Jurgen Habermas’ Scientific and Technological Theory, World History, 2001, No.2.
    Abstract   In his theory, Habermas revealed the quintessence of scientific and technological changes, pointing out the dual functions of science and technology in the advanced capitalistic states. He deduced that in later period of capitalism, technology and science become “a leading productive force”, and at the same time, they also act “as a background ideology”. He drew a conclusion that the interdependence of science and technology as well as the state intervention into research were two prerequisites to these dual functions. The interdependence made science and technology into an organic whole, and the state intervention made them into a real leading productive force. Thus these two factors together let science and technology perform a kind of ideological function.
 
    2, The Transformation from Internalism to Externalism: Studies outside china on Science, Technology and High-Technology After WWⅡ, Journal of Peking University(Humanities and Social Sciences), 2002, No., 3.
    Abstract  This paper is to explore the great transformation from internalism to externalism in the field of science and technology studies post world war two. Internal studies are just limited to the science and technology field itself, but external studies more emphasize the interaction between science, technology and society. This paper focuses on the achievements which are mostly specialized in advanced sciences, high technologies and their impacts on modern and post-modern societies researched by scholars outside china from various realms, such as history,sociology, economics, etc.. By appraising those works, the paper aims at proving that the transformation to externalism is an inexorable trend, it is in accordance with the ongoing of history.   
 
    3, New Structural Change of the “Research and Development” System in the U.S. after WWⅡ, Studies in Science of Science, 2002, No., 4.
    Abstract  The phrase of “Research and Development” reflects the combination of advanced science, technology and economy. It has given birth to many new industries based on science, such as computer and biobusiness and what like, which are playing more and more important roles in societies. In general, the United States is the most developed country in this world as far as science and high technology are concerned. It is due to the rationalized structure of the “research and development” system transformed after world war two. This transformation, on the one hand, helped to make science, technology and economic circles develop interdependently, and on the other hand, has brought dramatic changes to the roles of governments, universities and industries participated in research and development activities.
 
    4, Vocational and technical education in Latin America and China: Historical and comparative perspectives, Institute of Latin American Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Working Paper, 2007, No., 1.
    Abstract  Vocational and technical education (VTE) is an important component of educational system both in Latin America and in China. It takes several forms, such as formal, alternative formal, non-formal, informal and so forth. Due partly to the different historical and cultural context, Latin American countries and China have their own characteristics in VTE development patterns. But they have experienced similarly long and rough developmental path in the history of VTE, and face the same challenges to develop VTE in a more constructive way in the near future.
 
    5, Historical Evolution of the National Innovation System in Latin America, Journal of Latin American Studies, 2004, No., 2, 3.
    Abstract  Latin American scholars integrated their research on the National Innovation System(NIS) with the realities of their nation’s pursuit of the development model in the area of science and technology. Raul Prebisch believed that the industrial countries, or the center, benefited more from the advance of modern technology than the developing nations, or the periphery. The rapid the technological progress, the wider the gap between the center and the periphery. Maria Inês Bastos said that a nation’s capability in the field of basic research is the focus of its NIS, and the government plays an important role in strengthening this capability by undertaking the role of designing proper policy and making investment in related infrastructures. She also noted that a tripartite model of combining the government, the private sector and foreign capital might be applied by all the developing countries.
    Latin America’s NIS has undergone through three stages: 1) From the 1950s to the 1960s, the governments officially established science and technology ministries. 2) From the 1960s to the end of 1980s, more scientific research organizations emerged and policies for the development of national innovation started to take shape in more countries. 3) From the 1990s onward, with the ongoing liberalization reforms, the NIS started to take on some new characteristics.
    6. A Brief Research on Brazilian Informatics Policy, Journal of Latin American Studies, 2002, No., 6.
 
    7. An Initial Study on Latin American Model of “Research and Development”, Journal of Latin American Studies, 2004, No., 6.
 
    8. The Process of Informatization in Latin American Countries, Journal of Latin American Studies, 2005, No., 3.
 
    9. A Brief Analysis on the Characteristics of “National Innovation System” in Latin American Countries, Journal of Latin American Studies, 2005, No., 1.
 
    10. The Development Model of High Technology in the United States, The Journal of Jiangsu Administration Institute, 2002, No., 2.
 
    11. Reasons for Brazil’s Weak Competitiveness: The Paradox and Vulnerability of its National Innovation System, Journal of Latin American Studies, 2008, No., 6.
 
Book:
 
    Science and Technology in Latin America, with LiMingde and GaoJing, World Knowledge Press, 2006.
 
Book Chapters:
 
    1. “A Study on Jurgen Habermas’ Scientific and Technological Theory”, in Development History in Comparison, World Book Publishing Company, 2002.
    2. “Development History of Silicon Valley”, in Development History in Comparison, World Book Publishing Company, 2002.
    3. “A History of Bill Gates’ Great Success”, in Development History in Comparison, World Book Publishing Company, 2002.
    4. “Vocational and technical education in Latin America and China: Historical and comparative perspectives”, Vocational education and training, Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India University Press, forthcoming, 2009.
    5. The High-Tech Relationships Between the United States and Latin America Under Globalization Context, in Latin American Studies Within a New International Order, FuDan University Press, May 2007.
    6. The Status Quo and Development Trend of Philosophy and Social Sciences in Latin America, in the Development Report on Latin America and the Caribbean (2004~2005), China Social Science Academic Publishing House, March 2005.
    7. On the Diversity of Latin American Higher Education, in the Development Report on Latin America and the Caribbean (2005~2006), China Social Science Academic Publishing House, March 2006.
    8. A View on the Problems Faced by Latin American Secondary Education From the Students’ Movement in Chile, in the Development Report on Latin America and the Caribbean (2006~2007), China Social Science Academic Publishing House, March 2007.
 
Selected Press Articles:
 
    1. Book Review on The 20th Century America: Dream and Glory (China Social Science Academic Publishing House), China Reading Weekly, 20, June, 2001.
    2. What Privatization Reform Bring to Latin American Education, China education daily, 29, April, 2008.
    3 .The Revolutionary Education Project Will Help Brazil Rise, China education daily, 21, October, 2008.